Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL)

Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL)

Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL) is a peer-reviewed open-access Quarterly journal dedicated to the interdisciplinary field of Cyber Law, including legal studies on information and communication technology, cyberspace regulations, and cybercrimes in both national and international contexts. JOCL aims to foster the exchange of the latest scientific, research, and applied findings among professors, researchers, and practitioners, thereby contributing to the advancement of legal knowledge in the digital age. The journal seeks to publish original research that provides theoretical insights and practical solutions for legal challenges in cyberspace, including issues of data privacy, e-commerce, intellectual property, and international cyber governance.

Submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process and will be published upon the approval of the editorial board. Established in 2024, JOCL is committed to publishing regularly on a quarterly basis and to achieving indexing in reputable national and international databases to enhance its academic visibility.

Honorable professors and researchers are highly encouraged to visit the journal website, register, and submit their papers in accordance with the author guidelines. Please note that all communications with authors and reviewers are conducted exclusively through the journal’s online system; therefore, in-person visits or phone calls to the journal office are not recommended.

E-mail: Editor.jocl@gmail.com

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial

 

"This publication respects the rules of ethics in publications subject to the rules of the Committee on Ethics in Publication (COPE) and follows the executive regulations of the Law on Prevention and Combating Fraud in Scientific Works."

Current Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4 - Serial Number 8, Winter 2026 

Structural and operational challenges in realising justice in the dual justice system

Pages 112-128

Hamid Behrouz Behnami, naser Rahbar Farshpira, mir sajjad seyyed mousavi

Keywords Cloud

  • Cyber Law
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Privacy
  • Civil Liability
  • Cybercrimes
  • Iranian Law
  • Cybersecurity
  • Cyberspace
  • Regulation
  • International Law
  • Blockchain
  • legal liability
  • phishing
  • Intellectual Property
  • data ownership
  • legal responsibility
  • Data protection
  • Legal Personality
  • legal challenges
  • Algorithmic Justice
  • Criminal law
  • Smart Contracts
  • International Cooperation
  • Blockchain technology
  • Cybercrime
  • Criminal Liability
  • Judicial Practice
  • legal framework
  • Comparative Law
  • State Responsibility
  • Imamiyyah jurisprudence
  • admissibility
  • Biometric Data
  • digital environment
  • data security
  • Individual freedoms
  • Islamic Banking
  • Sheikh Ansari
  • Civil Law
  • Banking Supervision
  • Central Bank
  • Big Data
  • Rescission
  • Preliminary Investigation
  • Robot
  • Common Law
  • Quantum computing
  • judicial supervision
  • child protection
  • Civil Procedure
  • Electronic Evidence
  • automation
  • Privacy Protection
  • Legal gaps
  • Competent Court
  • Judicial System
  • Cryptocurrency
  • cyberterrorism
  • Augmented reality
  • Administrative Justice
  • Enforcement Guarantee
  • Press Crimes
  • digital technologies
  • International Regulations
  • Iranian criminal law
  • Electronic Elections
  • Cyber Attacks
  • Emerging Technologies
  • Smart Contract
  • digital signatures
  • Online Services
  • Digital Security
  • digital content
  • Computer Crimes Law
  • E-commerce platforms
  • Metaverse
  • Movable Property
  • judicial transparency
  • Defense Rights
  • Institutional structure
  • Sentencing
  • user rights
  • Children’s Rights
  • Legal technology
  • Cyberattacks
  • Unfair Conditions
  • content moderation
  • Digital ethics
  • European Union law
  • Civil and criminal liability
  • Digital Rights
  • Generative Artificial Intelligence
  • Sharia supervision
  • Algorithmic Bias
  • algorithmic discrimination
  • digital justice
  • Budapest Convention
  • Digital Terrorism
  • Data monopoly
  • Big technology companies
  • Digital market
  • Competitive policy
  • Digital legislation
  • Emerging Cyber Threats
  • Digital Works
  • Comparative Legislation
  • Judicial Responsibility
  • Image Identity Forgery
  • deep fake
  • platform liability
  • Crimes Againts Women
  • Cyber literary and artistic theft
  • Criminal penalties
  • Data Sovereignty
  • Digital Asset Tracking
  • Global Convention
  • Violation of User Rights
  • Content Creation Rights
  • Commercial Data
  • Legal awareness
  • Users’ rights
  • Genomic Big Data
  • International Data Exchange
  • Online Financial Markets
  • facial recognition technology
  • legal regulations
  • Hybrid attacks
  • Critical infrastructures
  • Fourth-Generation Technologies
  • Digital Responsibility
  • Right to be forgotten
  • Data permanence
  • Inter-AI Contract
  • AI-AI Interaction
  • challenges of partnership contracts
  • conditions that are contrary to the nature of the partnership contract
  • International Cybersecurity
  • Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
  • Digital Security Policies
  • Digital Authoritarianism
  • Legal Accountability
  • legal reforms
  • Virtual Contract Termination
  • Architectural Rights
  • unity of judicial procedure
  • International space
  • Jurisdiction (authority)
  • Cyber space theory
  • Voluntary registration
  • criminal visual representations
  • misleading content
  • legal attribution
  • Input Problem
  • Cyber Arbitration
  • Arbitral Awards
  • Cyber Disputes
  • Bay\' al-Gharar
  • Makasib
  • Islamic transaction law
  • contemporary finance
  • Administrative Adjudication
  • Dual Adjudicative System
  • Iran
  • Oversight and Enforcement Mechanisms
  • Design
  • United States
  • Risk Management
  • financial stability
  • Cyber space
  • Social Networks
  • Social Media
  • jury
  • Crime Prevention
  • Compensation
  • copyright
  • European Union
  • Gharar
  • intellectual property rights
  • Foresight
  • Virtual Reality
  • Jurisdiction
  • Good Faith
  • Transparency
  • Competition Law
  • personal data
  • International Treaties
  • Fair trial
  • Freedom of Expression
  • Legal Security
  • Electronic Contract
  • International Criminal Law
  • Criminal Process
  • France
  • party autonomy