Taking step into international spaces is in lieu of taking step in an unknown planet or on the other hand, it is like (similar to) finding ourselves in a virgin and unknown (undiscovered) nature.
Since increasingly improvement and development in information and communication technology has also created a Tsunami in human life, today we witness the translation of criminal ideas into special language of virtual space compared to some behaviors of humans which were regarded as traditional some time: Therefore, in addition to committing traditional crimes in new style, cyber space has created a bed for committing its own specific crimes and what has made impossible the study of cyber space without the study of the existence of international spaces, such that it has places (put) cyber space across the international spaces and as fourth space, was the same international common aspect, the sign means their non- jurisdiction (non- authority).
Therefore; in this work, it was attempted to answer this question whether the methods of exercising the jurisdiction (authority) in the above- mentioned spaces can be transmitted into cyber space? To answer this question entails scrutiny in presumption principles of three international spaces (Ultra space, South Pole and great seas) and the study of methods of exercising the jurisdiction in this paper.
Rashidi,P , Zandi,M and Eslami,E . (2026). The Study of the Order of Exercising the Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction in International Spaces Compared To Cyber Space. Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL), 2(4), 17-30. doi: 10.22054/jocl.2025.8563.3641
MLA
Rashidi,P , , Zandi,M , and Eslami,E . "The Study of the Order of Exercising the Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction in International Spaces Compared To Cyber Space", Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL), 2, 4, 2026, 17-30. doi: 10.22054/jocl.2025.8563.3641
HARVARD
Rashidi P, Zandi M, Eslami E. (2026). 'The Study of the Order of Exercising the Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction in International Spaces Compared To Cyber Space', Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL), 2(4), pp. 17-30. doi: 10.22054/jocl.2025.8563.3641
CHICAGO
P Rashidi, M Zandi and E Eslami, "The Study of the Order of Exercising the Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction in International Spaces Compared To Cyber Space," Journal of Cyber Law (JOCL), 2 4 (2026): 17-30, doi: 10.22054/jocl.2025.8563.3641
VANCOUVER
Rashidi P, Zandi M, Eslami E. The Study of the Order of Exercising the Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction in International Spaces Compared To Cyber Space. JOCL. 2026;2(4):17-30 (In Persian). doi: 10.22054/jocl.2025.8563.3641