Cybercrime in social networks is one of the emerging challenges in the field of law and information technology, which, with the widespread use of virtual spaces and online interactions, poses a serious threat to data security, individuals’ privacy, and public order. The main research question of this study is how the Iranian legal system can effectively address cybercrime in social networks by utilizing domestic laws, judicial practices, and international experiences, and what strategies can be implemented to enhance deterrence and protect citizens’ rights. The necessity of examining this topic arises from the rapid advancement of technology and the pervasive influence of social networks in daily life, which have created multiple legal and judicial complexities and revealed gaps in existing legislation that require detailed analysis and practical solutions. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework, judicial practices, and legal doctrine related to cybercrime, while offering reformative and comparative recommendations for lawmakers and courts. The research method in this study is descriptive–analytical and based on documentary review, including the examination of domestic laws, judicial rulings, consultative opinions, and comparison with international regulations. The findings indicate that the Computer Crimes Law, particularly the 2024 amendments, has taken effective steps toward combating unauthorized access and cyber offenses, and the Iranian judiciary has established a framework aligned with the law’s objectives. Additionally, comparative analysis with the legal systems of other countries and international conventions shows that Iran is moving toward harmonization with global standards; however, continuous review and enhancement of laws and regulations, leveraging international experiences, and educating users of virtual spaces are essential for strengthening security and safeguarding citizens’ rights. The innovation of this article lies in providing a comprehensive analysis that simultaneously combines legal, judicial, and comparative dimensions with a focus on practical strategies for combating cybercrime in social networks.