کتاب
زرگوش، مشتاق (۱۴۰۳). مسئولیت مدنی دولت، جلد دوم: قواعد عمومی. تهران: میزان.
مقالات
امینالرعایا، یاسر، احمدینژاد، مریم و متاجی، محسن (۱۴۰۰). تحلیلی بر اصول، قواعد و رویههای بینالمللی در قطع اینترنت در مواقع اضطراری و امنیتی. آفاق امنیت، (۵۱): ۹۷-۱۲۵.
انصاری، باقر (۱۳۹۹). حق دسترسی به اینترنت؛ مبانی و محتوا. مجله حقوقی دادگستری، ۸۴(۱۱۲): ۵۱-۷۹.
رستمی، مریم، امامی، محمد و واعظی، سید مجتبی (۱۴۰۰). تأملی بر استثنائات مسئولیت مدنی دولت در نظام حقوقی ایران. پژوهشهای نوین حقوق اداری ۳(۶): ۱۱-۳۴.
زارعی، محمدحسین و مزینانیان، سعیده (۱۴۰۳). تنظیمگری آزادی بیان در فضای مجازی؛ مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق ایالات متحده آمریکا، اتحادیه اروپا و ایران. تحقیقات حقوقی، ۲۷(۳): ۶۱-۸۴.
فضائلی، مصطفی و کرمی، موسی (۱۴۰۰). تأملی بر حمایت از حق آزادی بیان در رویه دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر ناظر بر مسدودسازی دسترسی به اینترنت. حقوق فناوریهای نوین، ۲(۴): ۱۵۵-۱۸۲.
مولائی، آیت (۱۳۹۹). موانع و چالشهای اعمال مسئولیت مدنی دولت در ایران. مطالعات حقوق عمومی ۵۰(۴): ۱۴۲۳-۱۴۴۰.
Reference
BOOKS
Gohdes, A. R. (2024). Repression in the Digital Age: Surveillance, Censorship, and the Dynamics of State Violence. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pajuste, T. (Ed.). (2025). Human Rights in the Digital Domain: Core Questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Articles
Conrad, J. T. (2023). A new right is the wrong tactic: Bring legal actions against states for internet shutdowns instead of working towards a human right to the internet (Part 1). Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental & Innovation Law, 13(2), Article 6.
Conrad, J. T. (2023). A new right is the wrong tactic: Bring legal actions against states for internet shutdowns instead of working towards a human right to the internet (Part 2). Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental & Innovation Law, 14(1), Article 2.
Faturoti, B. (2024). Internet access as a human right and the justiciability question in the post-COVID-19 world. European Journal of Law and Technology, 15(1), 1-23.
Garbe, L. (2024). Pulling through elections by pulling the plug: Internet disruptions and electoral violence in Uganda. Journal of Peace Research, 61(5), 842-857.
Grover, R. (2025). Contingent connectivity: Internet shutdowns and the infrastructural precarity of digital citizenship. New Media & Society, 27(1), 359-378.
Kóródi, B. (2024). The abolition of zero-rating mobile tariffs following the judgments in Cases C-854/19, C-5/20 and C-34/20. Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 13(3), 138-144.
Lawal, T., Ola, K., & Chuma-Okoro, H. (2025). Towards the recognition of internet access as a human right in Nigeria: A theoretical and legal perspective. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2025.2500798.
Madapathi, M. (2024). Digital barricades and blackouts: A case of internet shutdowns in India. Media and Communication, 12, Article 8511. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8511.
Miner, M. (2025). Strategic disruptions: The subnational targeting of internet shutdowns in India. Journal of Peace Research, 62(6), 2033-2051.
Reglitz, M. (2023). The socio-economic argument for the human right to internet access. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 22(4), 441-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X231167597.
Rojszczak, M. (2023). European Union and the right to open internet: To boldly go where no one has gone before. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies, 24, 294-318. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2023.1.
Tagat, A., Phokeer, A., & Kreitem, H. M. (2024). Net loss: An econometric method to measure the impact of internet shutdowns. ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies, 2(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3659466.
Thumfart, J. (2024). Digital rights and the state of exception: Internet shutdowns from the perspective of just securitization theory. Journal of Global Security Studies, 9(1), ogad024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad024.
Legal Instruments and Official Reports
Access Now. (2025). Emboldened Offenders, Endangered Communities: Internet Shutdowns in 2024. New York: Access Now.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2015). Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 Laying Down Measures Concerning Open Internet Access. Official Journal of the European Union, L 310, 1-18.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). Internet Shutdowns: Trends, Causes, Legal Implications and Impacts on a Range of Human Rights, A/HRC/50/55.
United Nations Human Rights Committee. (2004). General Comment No. 31: The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13.
Judicial Decisions
Court of Justice of the European Union, Joined Cases C-807/18 and C-39/19, Telenor Magyarország Zrt. v Nemzeti Média- és Hírközlési Hatóság Elnöke, Judgment of 15 September 2020, ECLI:EU:C:2020:708.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Case C-5/20, Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände v Vodafone GmbH, Judgment of 2 September 2021, ECLI:EU:C:2021:676.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Case C-34/20, Telekom Deutschland GmbH v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Judgment of 2 September 2021, ECLI:EU:C:2021:677.
European Court of Human Rights, Ahmet Yıldırım v. Turkey, Application No. 3111/10, Judgment of 18 December 2012.
European Court of Human Rights, Cengiz and Others v. Turkey, Applications Nos. 48226/10 and 14027/11, Judgment of 1 December 2015.
ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, Amnesty International Togo and Others v. The Togolese Republic, ECW/CCJ/JUD/09/20, Judgment of 25 June 2020.
ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, SERAP and Others v. Federal Republic of Nigeria, ECW/CCJ/JUD/40/22, Judgment of 14 July 2022.
Supreme Court of India, Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India, (2020) 3 SCC 637, Judgment of 10 January 2020.