In today’s world, where cyberspace has become the primary platform for exchanging information and producing literary and artistic works, literary and artistic theft in the digital environment has emerged as a major challenge for both national and international legal systems. The central research question of this study is how Iranian legal regulations and international legal frameworks address the protection of intellectual works in cyberspace and the punishment of literary and artistic thieves, and to what extent these rules are effective in prevention and enforcement. The importance of this research lies in the unprecedented expansion of digital technologies and the ease of access to intellectual works, which have increased the risks of misuse, unauthorized copying, and infringement of creators’ rights. Such infringements not only violate the individual rights of authors but also undermine public trust in legal protection mechanisms. The main objective of the article is to analyze the legal and criminal dimensions of literary and artistic theft in cyberspace and to compare them in Iranian law and international instruments, in order to identify gaps and strengths and to provide solutions for improving intellectual property protection. The research method is descriptive–analytical, based on library research, examination of domestic laws, international treaties, and relevant legal practices. Findings show that although Iranian law has criminalized certain forms of literary and artistic theft, ambiguities and deficiencies remain in dealing with cyber-related cases. In contrast, the international system, through instruments such as the Berne Convention and the TRIPS Agreement, offers more coherent frameworks. The study concludes that combining domestic legislative reforms with the experiences of international instruments can strengthen the protection of literary and artistic works in cyberspace. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis and the provision of practical recommendations tailored to the Iranian legal system.