With Big data, as a fundamental pillar of the digital era and knowledge-based economy, plays a central role in the production, processing, and analysis of complex information, and due to its large volume, variety, and high velocity, traditional methods are often insufficient. The main research question of this study is how ownership of data and related responsibilities can be identified and regulated within the framework of intellectual property rights. The importance of this topic lies in the fact that effective utilization of data enables innovation, economic security, and prevention of unauthorized use, while the absence of a comprehensive legal framework can pose a threat to technological development and the digital economy. This article aims to examine and analyze the role of intellectual property rights in protecting data ownership and determining direct and indirect responsibilities arising from the use of big data. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary and comparative study, analyzing laws, regulations, and relevant practices at national and international levels to identify legal challenges and opportunities for data utilization. The findings indicate that combining intellectual property tools, including copyright, patents, and trade secrets, along with contracts and security technologies, can establish a secure and sustainable legal framework for managing big data. Furthermore, identifying direct and indirect responsibilities of various entities and developing precise protective policies enhances economic security and promotes innovation. The innovation of this study lies in providing an integrated legal–technological solution for lawful and secure utilization of big data, contributing to the development of the digital economy and improvement of data-driven policymaking