technology, as a novel advancement in artificial intelligence and image processing, has introduced significant legal and criminal challenges by enabling the creation of highly realistic fake images and videos. The main research question of this study is to examine the criminal liability dimensions arising from image identity forgery based on deepfake technology and to analyze the existing legal gaps in this area. The importance of this study stems from the rapid increase in the misuse of emerging technologies, which threatens personal security, social reputation, and public order, thus posing a novel test for the criminal justice system in dealing with cybercrimes. The aim of this article is to clarify the legal foundations of criminal liability for image identity forgery in the context of deepfake and to provide an analytical framework to address legal and practical deficiencies in this field. The research method employed in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies, including current laws, judicial precedents, legal theories, and specialized international articles. Findings indicate that the weakness and silence of Iranian criminal laws in defining and punishing crimes resulting from deep fake have created gaps and ambiguities in establishing criminal liability, highlighting the necessity for legal reforms and the utilization of jurisprudential and comparative law capacities. Furthermore, this research innovatively offers an analytical framework based on the integration of criminal law, information technology, and ethics, laying the groundwork for enhancing effective responses to image identity forgery crimes based on deepfake.